Thoughts of espionage often conjure up in one’s mind images of shadowy government agencies stealing documents, tapping phones, compromising individuals, or using the Internet to gain information about other nations – both foe and ally alike, and, while it is true that such activities do occur, occur often, and will continue to occur in the future, there are other forms of espionage that are also significant threats to the public. Corporate espionage is one such threat. Corporate espionage involves either other companies – foreign or domestic – or other countries illegally acquiring competitive information – such as trade secrets, customer lists, pricing lists, etc. – and subsequently using such information to gain an advantage over the victim in a given market. It should be noted that this is different from competitive intelligence which is a legal practice that involves using legitimate methods to acquire an understanding about a competitor so that one’s company is better equipped to succeed in a market; furthermore, although already mentioned, it is significant that corporate espionage is not simply an activity that companies engage in against one another. Rather, some nations – especially those with significant state-owned enterprises – have been credibly accused of engaging in corporate espionage against the foreign competitors of so-called national champions.